Transfer mispricing occurs when multinational companies take advantage of their organisational structure to shift profit out of higher-tax jurisdiction to lower-tax jurisdiction, primarily by means of under-invoicing or over-invoicing. Unlike abusive transfer pricing which erodes the tax base as a result of fraudulent manipulation of prices of intragroup transactions, tax incentives grant targeted tax deductions, credits, exclusions or exemptions to specific tax payer groups, investment expenditures, or investment returns.
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