Econometric evidence finds a mutually reinforcing relationship between illicit economic activities and illicit financial flows. Qualitative research identifies impacts of illicit economic activities and financial flows. These may provide potential ways of explaining the causal link. It is important to note that data on illicit economic activities and illicit financial flows is very difficult to obtain, with quantitative analysis based on often complex estimation techniques which are limited by the strength of these (arguably strong) models. Many analyses group illegal economic activities together, and 2 GSDRC Helpdesk Research Report illegal financial flows are not always disaggregated by origin. It has therefore not been possible to identify to what extent individual types of illicit economic activities are drivers and driven by illicit financial flows.
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