01166nam a2200145   4500100002800000245007400028250002800102260002400130300000900154520071300163650002900876856009500905942000701000999001301007  aAubry,M and Dauphin, T.  aOpening the Vaults: The Use of Tax Havens by Europe’s Biggest Banks  aAppendix 1: Methodology  bOxfam International  a25p.  aThe is it the methodology of the reportby Oxfam which  showcases transparency data released by banks, the only sector obliged to publicly report its profits and tax on a country-by-country basis since 2015.All banks based in the European Union have been obliged to report to illustrate the extent to which the top 20 EU banks are using tax havens, and in which ways. Corporations, including banks, have for a long time been artificially shifting their profits to countries with very low, or zero, corporate tax rates. This accounting trick, used to avoid paying tax, is widespread and is evidenced by corporations registering very low profits or even losses in countries that have fairer corporate tax rates.  aTax Havens, Transparency  uiffoadatabase.trustafrica.org/iff/bp-opening-vaults-banks-tax-havens-270317-annexes-en.pdf  cCF  c915d915