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    <subfield code="a">UNCTAD</subfield>
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  <datafield tag="245" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">UNCTAD Welcomes Discussion, Transparency on Commodities and Misinvoicing</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Switzerland</subfield>
    <subfield code="b">United Nations Conference on Trade and Development </subfield>
    <subfield code="c">2016</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">4p.</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">This is a response by UNCTAD  on the ongoing debate on the accuracy of the report it produced that stated  that South Africa lost billions in gold smuggling.UNCTAD welcomes comments on its commodities paper. The paper used a standard methodology and publicly available (Comtrade) data to look at the mismatches between import and export figures on a range of commodities exported from five natural-resource-rich countries over periods of about 20 years. In doing so, it identified clear and consistent patterns of misinvoicing, a term we use without attributing blame or making any specific accusations. Trade misinvoicing has been generating more and more attention in the research and policy communities, linked mainly to debates on illicit financial flows. Trade misinvoicing continues to be used as a key mechanism of capital flight and illicit financial flows (IFFs) from developing countries. </subfield>
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  <datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Trade Misinvoicing</subfield>
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  <datafield tag="856" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="u">iffoadatabase.trustafrica.org/iff/UNCTAD welcomes discussion.pdf</subfield>
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    <subfield code="c">CF</subfield>
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    <subfield code="c">732</subfield>
    <subfield code="d">732</subfield>
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