The effect of illicit financial flows on time to reach the fourth Millennium Development Goal in Sub-Saharan Africa : a quantitative analysis O’Hare, B. A Makuta, I Bar, Zeev N Chiwaula, L Illicit Financial Flows This paper sets out to estimate the cost of illicit financial flows (IFF) in terms of the amount of time it could take to reach the fourth Millennium Development Goal (MDG) in 34 African countries. In the absence of IFF, 16 countries would reach their fourth MDG target by 2015 and there would be large reductions for all other countries. This drain on development is facilitated by financial secrecy in other jurisdictions. Rich and poor countries alike must stem the haemorrhage of IFF by taking decisive steps towards improving financial transparency. Malawi:., Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 2013. 2013. Text 17p iffoadatabase.trustafrica.org/iff/the_effect_of_illicit_financial_flows_on_time_to_reach_the_fourth_millennium_development_goal_in_sub_saharan_africa_a_quantitative_analysis.pdf