Ndikumana, Leonce creator text 2012 monographic These are estimates for over four decades (1970-2008), sub-Saharan Africa has lost over $700 billion to capital flight, or over $900 billion including accumulated interest on past illicit flows. These estimates are conservative as they do not include all forms of illicit financial flows, such as proceeds from criminal activities like drugs and human trafficking, smuggling of services, etc. Capital flight, Human trafficking, Smuggling, Drug iffoadatabase.trustafrica.org/iff/Ckc_Speaker_Series_Capital_Flight_And_African.m4v iffoadatabase.trustafrica.org/iff/Ckc_Speaker_Series_Capital_Flight_And_African.m4v