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  <leader>01099nam a22001697a 4500</leader>
  <datafield tag="100" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Sign&#xE9;, Landry </subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Sow, Mariama </subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Madden, Payce </subfield>
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  <datafield tag="245" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Illicit Financial Flows in Africa: Drivers, Destinations and Policy Options</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Washington, DC</subfield>
    <subfield code="b">Africa Growth initiative</subfield>
    <subfield code="c">2020</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">24p.</subfield>
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  <datafield tag="490" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Policy Brief </subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">This paper provides an up-to-date examination of illicit financial flows from Africa from 1980 to 2018, assessing the drivers and destinations of illicit outflows and examines policy options to reduce them. Using trade misinvoicing and balance-of-payments discrepancies to estimate illicit financial flows, the paper finds higher real Gross Domestic Product is associated with higher illicit financial flows due to the increased opportunities to channel illicit resources abroad generated by higher economic activity, suggesting a need for increased diligence as economies grow.</subfield>
  </datafield>
  <datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="a">Trade Misinvoicing, Tax</subfield>
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  <datafield tag="856" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
    <subfield code="u">iffoadatabase.trustafrica.org/iff/Illicit-financial-flows-in-Africa_2020.pdf</subfield>
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    <subfield code="c">BK</subfield>
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    <subfield code="c">1098</subfield>
    <subfield code="d">1098</subfield>
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