Tackling the Root Causes of Human Trafficking and Smuggling from Eritrea: The Need for an Empirically Grounded EU Policy on Mixed Migration in the Horn of Africa Hovil, L. 'et al' Human Trafficking, Smuggling This report, published by International Refugee Rights Initiative (IRRI) places a particular focus on the relationship between policy approaches to tackling smuggling and trafficking and refugee policy, given that a large percentage of Eritreans appear to be refugees. Many of those who move from the region to Europe do so as a result of failures in refugee policies and practices in first countries of asylum, policies that have left millions of people living for years and sometimes decades in a protracted situation of exile with no prospect of any real solution. These failures hinge primarily around the emphasis on encampment for those in exile and failures around access to work and durable solutions. Uganda International Refugee Rights Initiative (IRRI) 2017 2017 Text 54p. iffoadatabase.trustafrica.org/iff/IRRI_Report_final_TACKLING_THE_ROOT.pdf