The African Union, building upon the efforts of its predecessor, the Organisation of African Unity, plays a critical role in mediating conflicts across the continent, whether it is those arising from armed uprisings, constitutional disputes and unconstitutional change of government; electoral crises, secessionist wars and self-determination; or border disputes. It is noted that a host of emerging threats to peace and security now influence conflict dynamics and complicate mediation efforts, such as the proliferation of illicit arms, especially small arms and light weapons; human and drug trafficking; and money laundering, as well as natural resources exploitation and climate change.
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