There is growing evidence that criminals are turning to trafficking in human beings (THB) and the smuggling of migrants (SOM) to a greater extent as these crimes are seen as highly profitable. The money laundering risks arising from both activities are covered in this report because the distinction between them is not always obvious to the authorities and there can be a link between the two. The objectives of this typology report are to assess the scale of the problem, to identify different trends in THB and SOM, to identify the trends in money laundering (ML) from case studies, to inform law enforcement agencies on the ML aspects, to identify red flag indicators to assist financial institutions in detecting ML and reporting STRs, and to increase the possibility of identifying and confiscating the proceeds from human trafficking or the SOM.
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