This briefing paper provides an update on the volume, trends, and modus operandi of migrant smuggling within and from the Horn of Africa. The paper offers estimates of the volume of smuggling, the value of the illicit migrant smuggling economy, and the conditions and risks faced by smuggled migrants. Migrant smuggling within and from the Horn of Africa continues to occur, with new smuggling routes opening in response to irregular migration related risks and law enforcement responses to migrant smuggling on traditionally popular routes.
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