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Ratcliffe ,Verity

EM illicit flows: calculating the costs of crime - London: Financial Times, 2014. - 3p.

The article focuses on “gaps” in trade data, where the invoices from the importer in one country don’t match the invoices from the corresponding exporter in another. Much of the proceeds of drug trafficking, human smuggling, and other criminal activities, which are often settled in cash, are not included in estimates as a result.


CAPITAL FLIGHT, FAKING TRANSACTIONS, FALSE BILLING, HUMAN TRAFFICKING